Grand Juries: Key Players in the Criminal Justice System

What is a Grand Jury?

Definition:

A grand jury is a legal body composed of laypeople (ordinary citizens) who are tasked with determining whether there is sufficient evidence to bring criminal charges against an individual or group.

Role in Criminal Proceedings

During grand jury proceedings, a prosecutor presents evidence and witnesses to the jury. The grand jury's primary role is to:

• Review the evidence
• Determine if there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed
• Issue an indictment (formal accusation) if they find sufficient evidence

Powers and Limitations

Grand juries have the authority to:

• Summon witnesses
• Request documents and evidence
• Hear testimony and cross-examine witnesses

However, grand juries do not:

• Determine guilt or innocence
• Punish individuals
• Hold public hearings

Significance in the Criminal Process

Grand juries play a crucial role in the criminal process by acting as a check on prosecutorial discretion. They ensure that individuals are not charged with crimes without a reasonable basis and that the government has sufficient evidence to proceed with a case.